Ingot and mold for same



` March 4, N240' ASSS R. G. com-Es INGOT AND MOLD FOR SAME A Filed Aug. 25 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 5141 e 1@ zz f1 l i v|| 1 //l MII,

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R. Gv. coATEs INGOT AND MOLD FOR SAME Filed Aug. 25 192@ 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lm/-f 11W feg Patented Mar. 4, '11924.

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CORPORATION, OF SHARPSV PASADENA, CALIFORNIA, ASSIG-NOR TO VALLEY VMOULD AND IRON ILLE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

INGO'I AND MOLD FOR SAME.

Application led August 25, 1920. Serial No. 405,977.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I,

RAY G. CoA'rEs, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Pasadena, in th Angeles,

State of California,

e county of Los have invented new and useful Improvements in Ingots and Molds for Same, of which a speciication.

the following is This invention relates broadly to metallurgy and more specially t. ingot adapted to carry out o a tapered end the method, and

a mold for shaping the ingot.

The principal object of an ingot with reduced ends tial rolling contact may occur forward end of the ingot.

the invention is whereby the iniback of the JAnother object of the present invention is an ingot of metalv provided with specified. of the present invention ends for the purpose A further object tapered A tion is a covered horizontal steel ingots provided with matrix portion, molten steel, adjacent the still further object of the present invenmold for casting a tapering end and having an inlet for tapering bottom side thereof and a riser adjacent the upper side of the mold, and with a portion of the rider extending into a cover for the` mold.

Other and further objects be obvious and will in invention will in part of the present part be pointed out in the specification following by reference drawings wherein like cha to the accompanying racters are used to represent like parts throughout the several ifigures thereof.

those herein specifically disclosed,

it is desired that the present disclosure shall be considered as illustrative and not in the limiting sense.

Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view through one form of mold this invention.

Figure 2 is a view show for carrying out ing a transverse section through the mold shown in Figure l.

Figure 3 is a side view o with the top lifted.

f the saine mold Figure 4 is an end view of the mold showing the runner box or fountain in section and illustrating the outlet of the riser.

Figure 5 is a view showing the opposite end of the mold.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view through a three part mold.

Figure 7 is an end view of a three part mold.

Figure 8 is a plan view of the cover.

Figure 9 is a plan view of the body of the mold.

Figure 10 is a side View of the ingot em# bodying the present invention.

Figure 11 is an end view of the ingot shown in Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a side view of a flat top ingot in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 13 is an end view of the ingot shown in Figure 12.

Hcretofore in the art it has been customary to provide ingots of steel or the like with ends approximately at right angles to the axis of the ingot. When such ingots were rolled in the ordinary way through blooming rolls, or the like, the rolls have the effect of displacing the metal at the ends of the ingots. outwardly in the form of ears so that if the ingots were rolled on all sides the ends would become cupped. Where these ears occur, as has been common in the art., it is necessary that the ends of the blooms be cropped.' This cropping is not due to any fault of the metal so therefore perfectly good metal is cut away asscrap and an additional and troublesome step 1s introduced in the manufacture of the Steel articles.

The present ingot, and mold for casting ingots, obviates the difculties of the known prior art by providing an ingot wherein the ends thereof are tapered.

`While these ingots of the tapered en d character may be produced in several ways I prefer the production of such ingot in the casting and thisI preferably is carried out by cast-ing the ingot in horizontal molds provided with chill covers and by using metal which contains a sufficient amount of gas that it does not pipe but tends to expand by cooling and to till the mold. Such molds may be in either two or three pieces, including the cover, although the two piece mold is preferred. lln two piece molds it is preferable that the bottom, sides and end of the mold shall be integral with sucient draught toward the cover plane. This allows the runners and risers to extend from the cover plane so that when the cover has been removed the ingot will fall out when the mold is turned bottom side up. The sides of the -mold preferably are approximately vertical parallel planes for about three-quarters of n their middle length and then extend inwardly at the end portions on long radius curves tangent to the sides in such manner that if the curves were extended beyond the mold they would intersect.

lin a two apiece mold preferably the bottom is curve up at the ends similarly to the sides. The present invention also contemplates providing the top with curved or? tions symmetrically to the bottom. owever in practice this is not necessary providing the bottom of the mold is curved suciently to be equal to the required total vertical contraction of the ingot. This produces a non-symmetrical ingot, but the initial lack of symmetry due to the straight top line is corrected in the early passes through the rolls.

The molds, in accordance with the present invention are adapted to chill the top of the ingot, and are adapted more especially for Steel that does not pipe. Such metal tends to expand after it has been chilled in the `mold and pressure appears to rise in the still molten steel which tends to increase the solution of the gas in the steel. Therefore ingots cast in accordance with thepresent invention and in the said molds are solid metal ingots which do not require any cropping or cutting away other than such as may be necessary to break or cut oft' the runners and risers. Preferably the chill is uniform in that the coefficient of heat absorption and the capacity of heat absorption is the same in the chill cover as in the mold body.

Referring. now to the drawings, one form of mold for carrying out the present invention comprises a two` part mold shown in Figures 1 to 5, 8 and 9, and`comprises a body lportion 1 provided with suitable hoisting and turning lugs 2, and locking lugs 4. This body portion is provided with a matrix to shape the ingot wherein the middle. of the bottom portioni 5 of the mold is substantially a Aflat horizontal plane and the end portions are curved upwardly as at 6.

Referring to Figuref9 the side portions,

' as at 7,. are substantially Vertical parallel planes with the ends curved, as at 8, and these ends may, if desired, terminate in flat portions 9. Preferably the mold is provided with a chill cover 10 which has locking lugs 11 at the sides thereof and hoisting lugs 12 on the ends thereof. The heat absorption capacity per unit area of the chill 10 is prefreeaeao the cover 10 and is provided with a runnerv box or fountain 15. This fire brick runner is provided with an openingl which extends from the funnel downward to the end of the mold near the bottom thereof. The slot 15 in the cover is open at the outer end to permit the cover to be removed either vertically or horizontally. A riser 17 is provided in the mold and while it may be located in a convenient part of the mold preferably it is located at the opposite end of the mold from the yrunner with a part of the riser being in the mold body and another being in the cover. This riser permits the escape of gas and insures that the entire mold section will be filled with steel. The clamp lugs 4 and 11 are adapted to receive clamps 18 to securely hold the chill top 10 in position on the body 1.

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a three part mold comprising a stool 19 upon which the rectangular body portion may set and over which a cover 10 may be clamped.y ln this three part mold both the top and the bottom may be curved at the ends of the mold in order to taper the ingot but preferably in this form the top and bottom are straight and the sides are converged in the same manner as illustrated in Figure 9.

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate forms of the ingot. The end portions 24 and 25 substantially taper in all directions toward the end areas 26. These end areas are so proportioned to the cross-section of the body 27 of the ingot that the initial Contact, and also the initial departure of the blooming rolls occurs back of the ends and las the ingot is reduced in size this initial point of contact moves toward the end until finally the rolls contact adjacent the end portions. The area of the ends however, is of such size that the resultant forces which produce the extrusion force penetrate the full depth of the metal so that the full cross-section of the metal is substantially uniformly effected by these forces, and the rolling may then continue without serious distortion of the end areas thereby obviating cropping. Figures 12 and 13 illustrate a form of the ingot wherein the top portion 28 isflat, the sides are curved inward as at 29 and 3() and the bottom is curved as at 31. The4 upward curve 31 is equal to the summation of the curves 28 and 30 on the sides so that the total amount of reduction is such that the planes parallel to the end and intersecting the ingot will maintain a cross-sectional area of the same shape as' the end section.

Since the chilling is uniform around the izo dle of the body Messen ingot the zones L of chill or iso-crystallization will in a general way follow the shape of the ingot with the last zone to freeze being the middle of the ingot. However since the ends of the ingot are of less cross-sectional metal mass than the body portion, the chill will be deeper at the ends as at M than in the middle of the ingot. When rolling, these hardened end portions are less yielding than the body portion and this also is a'factor tending to prevent ears or cupped ends when rolling.

It 1s to be understood that the shapes shown arel merely illustrative and that the present invention may be practiced in shapes other than those speciicall shown.

Having thus describe my invention, what I claim is:

1. As an article of manufacture a horizontall cast ingot having substantially parallel p ane surface sides adjacent'the middle of the body portion and with reduced end portions substantially square in crosssection for the purpose specified 2. As an article of manufacture a horizontally cast ingot having substantially parallel plane surface sides adjacent the middle of the body portion and with reducedl chilled portions adapted for engagement with blooming rolls for the purpose specilied.

3. As an article of manufacture a horizontally cast ingot having substantially parallel plane surface sides adjacent the midportion and tapering toward the longitudinal axis of the ingot to provide reduced end portions for the purpose specified.

4. As an article of manufacture a horizontally cast ingot of steel or the like having a body portion of substantially uniform cross-section throughout its length and reduced end portions with sloping surfaces joining the end portions and the body portion for the purpose described.

5. As an article of manufacture a horizontally cast ingot of steel or theA like having a substantia ly straight body portion of substantially uniform-crosssection throughout its length and reduced end portions with sloping surfaces adapted to be engaged by blooming rolls and joining the end portions and the body portion, and with one side of the ingot substantially straight for the purpose described.

6. An article of manufacture comprising an ingot of steel having zones of iso-crystallization therein comprising closed areas, the maximum zone comprising the surface of the in ot and the minimum zone comprising su stantially the median portion of the ingot equidistant from the sides of the ingot, and with the body of the ingot straight and the ends tapered.

7. A horizontal ingot mold comprising a body portion having a matrix formed with substantially parallel sides and tapered ends.

8. A horizontal ingot mold comprising a body portion having a matrix formed with substantially parallel sides and tapered ends and a chill cover for said mold.

9. A horizontal ingot mold comprising a body portion having a matrix formed 'with substantially parallel sides and tapered ends, a chill cover for said mold, and a conduit forming a riser or the like extending through said cover.

10. A horizontal ingot mold comprising a body portion having a matrix formed with substantially parallel sides and tapered ends, a chill cover for said mold, `and a riser extending upwardly and outwardl with 'a portion of the riser in the cover an another portion in the body wall of the mold.

11. A horizontal ingot mold comprising a body portion havin a mold surface wlth substantially paralle sides, and contracted end portions, the bottom of said mold being flat in the middle portion and rising at the ends thereof.

12. A horizontal ingot mold comprising a body portion having a mold surface with substantially parallel sides, and contracted end portions, the bottom of said mold being dat in the middle ortion and rising at the ends thereof, and a chill cover for said mold.

13. A horizontal ingot mold com rising a body portion having a mold sur ace w1th substantially parallel sides, and contracted end portions.

14. In a horizontal ingot chill mold a body portion, a chill cover for said body portion, and said body portion being .provided with a riser o ening constructed to permit the ingot to e stripped from the mold when desired.

15. lin a horizontal ingot chill mold, a body portion, a chill cover for said body portion, a runner extending throu h the cover at one end, said body and sai cover being recessed to rovidea riser opening extending between oth cover and body of the opposite end of the mold from the runner.

16. ln a horizontal body portion, a chill cover for said dy portion, said body and said cover being constructed to provide a riser opening exerding between both said cover and said 1'?. An ingot mold having a matrix, the body portion of which is of substantiall uniform cross-section and the ends of which are tapered.

, 18. An article of manufacture comprileing an ingot having a body ortion of substantially uniform cross-section throughout its len th and having taperin end ortions.

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